Kabel koaksial adalah jenis kabel jaringan yang memiliki dua lapisan konduktor. Lapisan pertama terletak di bagian tengah dan berbentuk kawat tembaga padat yang dikelilingi oleh lapisan isolator.
Kabel koaksial kabel Coaksial
Ada dua tipe utama dari kabel koaksial, yaitu kabel koaksial tipis dan kabel koaksial tebal. Kabel koaksial tipis memiliki jarak transmisi sekitar 200 meter, sementara kabel koaksial tebal memiliki jarak transmisi hingga 500 meter. Ini berbeda dengan kabel UTP yang memiliki jarak transmisi lebih pendek, sekitar 100 meter. Kecepatan transmisi pada kabel koaksial biasanya terbatas pada maksimal 10 Mbps, sedangkan kabel UTP memiliki rentang kecepatan mulai dari 10 hingga 100 Mbps.
Baca Juga : Perbedaan Kabel UTP dan STP dalam Jaringan Komputer
Kabel koaksial dapat terbuat dari berbagai jenis material seperti tembaga, aluminium, atau plastik. Salah satu keunggulan kabel koaksial adalah harganya yang terjangkau dan jangkauan yang cukup luas. Konektor yang umumnya digunakan pada kabel koaksial adalah BNC (British Naval Connector). Kabel ini dibagi menjadi dua tipe, yaitu kabel koaksial baseband (kabel 50 ohm) yang digunakan untuk transmisi digital, dan kabel koaksial broadband (kabel 75 ohm) yang digunakan untuk transmisi analog.
Kabel UTP
Sementara itu, kabel UTP kategori 5 memiliki kecepatan transmisi data hingga 100 Mbps dan mendukung komunikasi data dan suara digital. Kabel jenis CAT5 ini juga dapat beroperasi pada kecepatan transmisi data hingga 1Gbps, asalkan panjang kabelnya tidak melebihi 100 meter.
Kabel UTP menggunakan konektor RJ-45, dan biasanya dilengkapi dengan isolator atau lapisan pelindung yang umumnya terletak pada bagian terluar kabel. Salah satu karakteristik kabel UTP adalah kemampuannya dalam melakukan transmisi data dengan kecepatan yang cukup tinggi, mulai dari 1000 Mbps hingga 10 Gbps.
Baca Juga Kabel UTP Cat-5 atau Cat-6, perbedaannya apa?
Namun, terdapat beberapa kelemahan pada kabel koaksial, seperti pemasangan yang sedikit lebih sulit, biaya perawatan yang relatif mahal, batasan jumlah perangkat yang dapat terhubung, dan redaman yang cukup besar yang memerlukan penggunaan repeater untuk memperkuat sinyal.
Tabel Perbedaan Kabel UTP dan Coaxial
Berikut adalah tabel 1 perbandingan antara Kabel UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) dan Kabel Coaxial:
| Kriteria Perbandingan | Kabel UTP | Kabel Coaxial |
|---|---|---|
| Jenis kabel | Twisted pair yang terdiri dari beberapa pasangan kawat | Kabel dengan konduktor tunggal yang diapit oleh pelindung luar |
| Pelindungan eksternal | Tidak memiliki pelindung eksternal (unshielded) | Memiliki pelindung luar (shielded) yang berfungsi melindungi dari interferensi |
| Kemampuan transmisi | Terbatas pada jarak tertentu dan kecepatan terbatas | Mampu mentransmisikan data dengan kecepatan yang lebih tinggi |
| Kecepatan transmisi | Terbatas pada kecepatan tertentu (Cat 5e, Cat 6, dll.) | Dapat mencapai kecepatan yang lebih tinggi (tergantung jenisnya) |
| Ketahanan terhadap gangguan elektromagnetik | Rentan terhadap interferensi elektromagnetik | Lebih tahan terhadap interferensi elektromagnetik |
| Ukuran dan berat | Lebih kecil dan lebih ringan | Lebih besar dan lebih berat |
| Biaya | Umumnya lebih terjangkau | Umumnya lebih mahal |
| Instalasi dan pemeliharaan | Lebih mudah dalam instalasi dan pemeliharaan | Memerlukan instalasi yang lebih rumit dan pemeliharaan yang lebih intensif |
| Kegunaan umum | Digunakan dalam jaringan lokal (LAN) dan jarak pendek | Umumnya digunakan dalam sistem televisi kabel dan jaringan televisi kabel |
| Keterbatasan jarak | Terbatas pada ratusan meter | Dapat mencapai beberapa kilometer atau lebih |
| Kerentanan terhadap kerusakan fisik | Rentan terhadap kerusakan fisik seperti pemutusan kabel | Lebih tahan terhadap kerusakan fisik |
Tabel1 di atas memberikan gambaran umum tentang perbedaan utama antara jenis kabel UTP dan kabel coaxial dalam berbagai aspek, termasuk konstruksi, kemampuan transmisi, kecepatan, kegunaan, dan karakteristik lainnya. Pemilihan antara kabel UTP dan kabel coaxial tergantung pada kebutuhan khusus jaringan Anda dan jenis aplikasi yang Anda inginkan.
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