Stealer malware dapat dikategorikan berdasarkan jenis data yang dicuri, cara penyebarannya, atau kemampuannya. Stealer malware adalah jenis malware yang dirancang untuk mencuri data sensitif dari perangkat yang terinfeksi. “Stealer malware” mengacu pada jenis perangkat lunak berbahaya yang dirancang untuk mencuri informasi pribadi atau rahasia dari sistem atau perangkat yang terinfeksi. Malware ini dapat beroperasi dengan mencuri data seperti nama pengguna dan kata sandi, informasi kartu kredit, informasi perbankan, atau data pribadi lainnya yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan penipuan atau eksploitasi.
Stealer Malware berdasarkan Data yang diincar
Berdasarkan jenis data yang dicuri, stealer malware ini dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis, antara lain:
- Credential stealer: Stealer malware jenis ini menargetkan data login, seperti nama pengguna dan kata sandi. Data ini dapat digunakan untuk mengakses akun online, seperti akun bank, akun media sosial, atau akun e-commerce.
- Cookie stealer: Stealer malware jenis ini menargetkan file cookie yang tersimpan di browser. File cookie dapat menyimpan informasi tentang aktivitas online Anda, seperti situs web yang Anda kunjungi, item yang Anda tambahkan ke keranjang belanja, atau pengaturan bahasa Anda.
- Credit card stealer: Stealer malware jenis ini menargetkan informasi kartu kredit, seperti nomor kartu, tanggal kedaluwarsa, dan kode CVV. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan transaksi keuangan tanpa sepengetahuan Anda.
- Bank account stealer: Stealer malware jenis ini menargetkan informasi akun bank, seperti nomor rekening, nama pemilik rekening, dan nomor PIN. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk mengakses rekening bank Anda dan melakukan transfer uang tanpa sepengetahuan Anda.
- Personal information stealer: Stealer malware jenis ini menargetkan informasi pribadi, seperti nama lengkap, alamat, nomor telepon, dan nomor kartu asuransi kesehatan. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan penipuan identitas atau aktivitas kriminal lainnya.
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Stealer Malware berdasarkan Cara Distribusi
Berdasarkan cara penyebarannya, stealer malware dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis, antara lain:
- Email phishing: Stealer malware sering didistribusikan melalui email phishing. Email phishing biasanya tampak seolah-olah berasal dari sumber yang terpercaya, seperti bank atau perusahaan e-commerce. Email tersebut biasanya berisi tautan atau lampiran yang terinfeksi stealer malware.
- Iklan yang dapat mengeksploitasi kerentanan keamanan: Stealer malware juga dapat menyebar melalui iklan yang dapat mengeksploitasi kerentanan keamanan di browser atau perangkat lunak lainnya. Iklan tersebut dapat dirancang untuk mengunduh dan menginstal stealer malware secara otomatis tanpa sepengetahuan Anda.
- Unduhan ilegal: Stealer malware juga dapat menyebar melalui unduhan ilegal, seperti perangkat lunak bajakan atau file torrent.
- Media penyimpanan yang terinfeksi: Stealer malware juga dapat menyebar melalui media penyimpanan yang terinfeksi, seperti USB drive atau CD.
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Kemampuan Stealer Malware
Berdasarkan kemampuannya, stealer malware dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis, antara lain:
- Stealer malware yang sederhana: Stealer malware jenis ini hanya dapat mencuri satu jenis data, seperti nama pengguna dan kata sandi.
- Stealer malware yang kompleks: Stealer malware jenis ini dapat mencuri berbagai jenis data, seperti nama pengguna dan kata sandi, file cookie, informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi. Stealer malware jenis ini juga biasanya memiliki kemampuan tambahan, seperti kemampuan untuk mengambil tangkapan layar atau merekam aktivitas keyboard.
Contoh Stealer Malware
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh stealer malware yang umum ditemukan:
- Raccoon: Stealer malware yang populer yang menargetkan berbagai jenis data, termasuk nama pengguna dan kata sandi, file cookie, informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi.
- AZORuIt: Stealer malware yang menargetkan informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi.
- Redline: Stealer malware yang menargetkan berbagai jenis data, termasuk nama pengguna dan kata sandi, file cookie, informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi.
- Vidar: Stealer malware yang menargetkan berbagai jenis data, termasuk nama pengguna dan kata sandi, file cookie, informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi.
- Lokibot: Stealer malware yang menargetkan berbagai jenis data, termasuk nama pengguna dan kata sandi, file cookie, informasi kartu kredit, informasi akun bank, dan informasi pribadi.
Upaya perlindungan dari Stealer Malware
Untuk melindungi diri dari stealer malware, Anda dapat melakukan langkah-langkah berikut:
- Gunakan perangkat lunak antivirus yang selalu diperbarui.
- Berhati-hatilah dengan email yang tidak dikenal dan unduhan ilegal.
- Pastikan sistem operasi dan perangkat lunak Anda selalu diperbarui.
- Buat kata sandi yang kuat dan unik untuk setiap akun online Anda.
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