Dark web adalah bagian dari internet yang tersembunyi dan tidak dapat diakses secara langsung oleh mesin pencari tradisional atau pengguna umum. Ini merupakan sebagian kecil dari Deep Web, yang mencakup seluruh konten web yang tidak diindeks oleh mesin pencari.
Dark web berbeda dengan bagian web yang biasa kita gunakan sehari-hari, yang disebut Surface Web. Pada Dark web, pengguna dapat menjaga anonimitas mereka dengan menggunakan alat seperti jaringan Tor (The Onion Router) yang menyembunyikan identitas dan lokasi pengguna.
Ada beberapa alasan mengapa akses ke dark web bisa terasa lambat:
- Infrastruktur Jaringan: Dark web menggunakan overlay network yang berbeda dari Internet konvensional. Dark web beroperasi melalui jaringan tersembunyi yang disebut Tor (The Onion Router). Tor mengirimkan data melalui serangkaian relai yang dijalankan oleh sukarelawan di seluruh dunia untuk menyembunyikan identitas pengguna. Karena rute yang panjang dan kompleks ini, kecepatan transfer data bisa terpengaruh dan mengakibatkan keterlambatan.
- Keterbatasan Kapasitas: Dark web sering kali memiliki keterbatasan infrastruktur dan kapasitas server yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Internet terbuka. Sumber daya yang terbatas ini bisa mengakibatkan keterlambatan saat mengakses situs-situs dark web.
- Kriptografi: Komunikasi dalam jaringan dark web menggunakan enkripsi yang kuat untuk melindungi privasi pengguna. Enkripsi yang rumit ini membutuhkan waktu untuk diuraikan oleh komputer pengguna dan relai Tor, yang dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam proses pengiriman dan penerimaan data.
- Keamanan: Dark web merupakan tempat di mana aktivitas ilegal dan berbahaya sering terjadi. Untuk melindungi pengguna dari serangan dan mengamankan identitas mereka, lalu lintas di dark web melewati lapisan perlindungan ekstra. Lapisan ini termasuk pengecekan identitas, pengamanan ekstra, dan verifikasi tambahan. Proses ini memakan waktu tambahan dan dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan akses.
- Pembatasan ISP: Beberapa penyedia layanan internet (ISP) mungkin menerapkan pembatasan terhadap akses ke dark web. Mereka dapat memblokir akses atau memperlambat lalu lintas ke situs-situs dark web. Pembatasan semacam ini bertujuan untuk membatasi kegiatan ilegal dan melindungi pengguna dari potensi ancaman keamanan.
Kecepatan akses ke dark web bisa saja bervariasi tergantung pada berbagai faktor, termasuk lokasi geografis, kualitas koneksi internet, dan jumlah lalu lintas saat itu.
Overlay jaringan yang terlalu banyak serta ditambah lagi dengan kriptografi itu kayaknya yang punya peran besar dalam kelemotannya
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